Carcinoid syndrome is caused by secretion of certain harmful chemicals by carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid syndrome may occur due to infection or other related diseases, and medical or surgical treatments such as anesthesia, chemotherapy, embolization, and tumor debulking. The key symptoms of the syndrome include flushing of the skin and diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, and bronchoconstriction. If remained undiagnosed, it could lead to several complications such as weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, dehydrations, menopause, irritable bowel disease, and asthma.
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For instance, in 2009, a study by Journal of Clinical Oncology, showed 4 to 5 out of every 100,000 people are diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumor and over 100,000 people suffering from neuroendocrine tumor in the U.S., also most individual suffering from carcinoid are asymptomatic until the tumor is fully developed. To overcome the carcinoid crisis, treatment options may considered such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted radionuclide therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and chemoembolization on the basis of patient-by-patient. Carcinoid syndrome being a rare condition, there are very few if any treatment options available. This in turn, creates a highly lucrative opportunities for market players.
In February 2017, Lexicon Pharmaceutical Inc., announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Xermelo (Telotristat etiprate) as the first and only orally administered therapy for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea in combination with somatostatin analog therapy (SSA) for adults. Xermelo mainly targets the overproduction of serotonin hormone inside mNET cells and reduces the frequency of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. Furthermore, in 2017, Ipsen Biopharmaceutical, announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a supplemental indication of Somatuline Depot (lanreotide) Injection 120 mg for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome, to reduce the frequency of short-acting somatostatin analogue rescue therapy.
However, low awareness and certain side effects associated with this therapy are expected to hinder growth of the carcinoid syndrome diarrhea treatment market.
According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), 2017, each year, only 27 individuals per million population are estimated to be diagnosed with carcinoid tumors in the U.S., amongst whom, only 10% individuals develop carcinoid syndrome. Moreover, it affects both males and females in equal number. Increasing prevalence of the disease is in turn, increasing demand for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea treatment devices. This in turn is expected to fuel growth of the carcinoid syndrome diarrhea treatment market.